Telemedicine refers to the use of technology to create a virtual connection between clinicians and patients to facilitate health care delivery. The goal is to facilitate and optimize communication and consultation. Some acute care telemedicine was already in use prior to COVID-19 in places like urgent care, emergency departments, and hospital floors. Telemedicine use has undergone a meteoric rise since March.

As telemedicine has become mainstream, a brewing lingo problem has begun to bubble. In short, we need to agree on a shared terminology. For example, the terms “direct-to-consumer,” “retail,” “tele-stroke,” “e-ICU,” “tele-ICU,” “e-emergency,” “ET3,” and many others are frequently bandied about without clear definitions. This variation in nomenclature is a veritable word salad. This can create confusion and miscommunication, even among insiders. We need to align the terminology to provide a consistent description of these concepts to enhance communication efficiency and program effectiveness.

Acute, Emergency, Hospital Care Nomenclature

Here we propose a standardized telemedicine nomenclature for acute, emergency, and hospital care. An effective nomenclature taxonomy should be 1) sufficiently descriptive, 2) create mutually exclusive categories wherever possible, 3) avoid overly burdensome language, 4) be intelligible to multiple audiences, and 5) be expandable to describe future use cases and concepts. Our nomenclature, which we call the Pines-Aldeen Acute Care Telemedicine (PAACT) Classification, involves two distinct positions for words/phrases (similar to Arabic numeral digits) for each use case. The first word/phrase describes the source of the patients. The second word/phrase describes the use case with the “Tele-” prefix added.

As an example, Healthsystem Tele-Observation is the use of telemedicine to deliver observation services within a hospital or health system. By contrast, Employer Tele-UrgentCare is the more traditional, direct-to-consumer telemedicine (eg, Teladoc or American Well) delivered to employer clients for acute urgent (mostly low-acuity) care.

We propose the explicit category of Tele-Emergency for patients (and for other stakeholders within health systems) who think they may need an emergency department. Tele-Emergency would skew toward the higher-acuity cases (eg, abdominal pain) while Tele-UrgentCare is conceptualized for lower-acuity care (eg, seasonal allergies). Table 1 describes each use case with a description of the source of the patients and the specific telemedicine services delivered. The table is not designed to be comprehensive; with its position-based digit system, the PAACT Classification allows any stakeholder to build upon the nomenclature with simple terms understandable by all. For example, a third word/phrase position could be added to describe the exact technology used or another variable.

With the PAACT Classification, we anticipate more efficient communication to describe and advance the science of telemedicine to achieve improvements in patient outcomes, experience of care, and cost savings.