There are new imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor images and MRI fused with specialized PET imaging that have improved detection of epileptogenic foci amenable to surgery in children with intractable epilepsy.⁶

Conclusion

Seizures are a common complaint in children presenting to the emergency department. The initial focus should be on stabilization of vital functions as well as rapid diagnostic workup to exclude treatable secondary causes. Febrile seizures are a unique pediatric pathology where management now mostly focuses on the concurrent, acute febrile illness. Convulsive and nonconvulsive SE are true neurological emergencies and should be stabilized as soon as possible. PNES is common, and video EEG monitoring is required to firmly establish the diagnosis.

Dr. Garber is assistant professor of emergency medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.

Dr. Glauser is professor of emergency medicine at Case Western Reserve University.

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